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Django的简单使用

环境Mac OS X 10.15、Django3.0.5、MySQL8.0.19

文件结构树状图

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.
├── Demo1
│   ├── __init__.py
│   ├── __pycache__
│   │   ├── __init__.cpython-37.pyc
│   │   ├── settings.cpython-37.pyc
│   │   ├── urls.cpython-37.pyc
│   │   └── wsgi.cpython-37.pyc
│   ├── asgi.py
│   ├── settings.py
│   ├── urls.py
│   └── wsgi.py
├── __pycache__
│   └── manage.cpython-37.pyc
├── manage.py
├── myApp
│   ├── __init__.py
│   ├── __pycache__
│   │   ├── __init__.cpython-37.pyc
│   │   ├── admin.cpython-37.pyc
│   │   ├── models.cpython-37.pyc
│   │   ├── urls.cpython-37.pyc
│   │   └── views.cpython-37.pyc
│   ├── admin.py
│   ├── apps.py
│   ├── migrations
│   │   ├── 0001_initial.py
│   │   ├── __init__.py
│   │   └── __pycache__
│   │       ├── 0001_initial.cpython-37.pyc
│   │       └── __init__.cpython-37.pyc
│   ├── models.py
│   ├── tests.py
│   ├── urls.py
│   └── views.py
├── templates
   └── myApp
       ├── grades.html
       └── students.html

在指定文件目录中打开终端输出Django-admin startproject Dome3（项目名）

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├── Dome3
│   ├── __init__.py
│   ├── asgi.py
│   ├── settings.py
│   ├── urls.py
│   └── wsgi.py
└── manage.py

1 directory, 6 files

在Dome3目录中打开终端输出Django-admin startapp myApp（项目名）

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.
├── Dome3
│   ├── __init__.py
│   ├── asgi.py
│   ├── settings.py
│   ├── urls.py
│   └── wsgi.py
├── manage.py
└── myApp
    ├── __init__.py
    ├── admin.py
    ├── apps.py
    ├── migrations
    │   └── __init__.py
    ├── models.py
    ├── tests.py
    └── views.py

3 directories, 13 files

创建模板：在项目根目录下创建templates文件夹

配置数据库，Django默认使用的数据库为sqlite，这里我们改为MySQL（需要事先创建好数据库，这里我们已经创建好了Djangotest数据库）

在Dome3目录下

打开__init__.py

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import pymysql

pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()

pymysql.version_info = (1, 3, 13, "final", 0)

打开setting.py

配置app和数据库、调整地区与语言、绑定模板，找到并修改文件

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# Application definition

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'myApp'
]
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DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
        'NAME': 'Djangotest',
        'USER': 'root',
        'PASSWORD': '******',# 你的数据库密码
        'HOST': 'localhost',
        'PORT': '3306',
    }
}
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TEMPLATES = [
    {
        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
        'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'templates')],
        'APP_DIRS': True,
        'OPTIONS': {
            'context_processors': [
                'django.template.context_processors.debug',
                'django.template.context_processors.request',
                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
            ],
        },
    },
]
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LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh-Hans'

TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai'

USE_I18N = True

USE_L10N = True

USE_TZ = True

定义模型

在model.py下

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from django.db import models


# Create your models here.

class Grades(models.Model):
    gname = models.CharField(max_length=20)
    gdate = models.DateTimeField()
    ggirlnum = models.IntegerField()
    gboynum = models.IntegerField()
    isDelete = models.BooleanField(default=False)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.gname


class Students(models.Model):
    sname = models.CharField(max_length=20)
    sgender = models.BooleanField(default=True)
    sage = models.IntegerField()
    scontend = models.CharField(max_length=20)
    isDelete = models.BooleanField(default=False)
    sgrade = models.ForeignKey('Grades', on_delete=models.CASCADE)  # 关联外键

    def __str__(self):
        return self.sname

创建myApp_grades表

创建myApp_students表

配置url

在Dome3的项目文件夹下的Dome3的urls.py修改文件

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from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path, include

# from django.conf.urls import url, include

urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path('', include('myApp.urls')),
    # url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
    # url(r'^', include('myApp.urls')),
]

配置管理员后台

在指定目录下终端执行python menage.py createsuperuser，输入用户名、邮箱和密码

打开admin.py

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from django.contrib import admin

# Register your models here.

from .models import Grades, Students


class StudentInfo(admin.TabularInline):
    model = Students
    extra = 2


class GradesAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    inlines = [StudentInfo]
    # 列表页属性
    list_display = ['pk', 'gname', 'gdate', 'ggirlnum', 'gboynum', 'isDelete']  # 表头
    list_filter = ['gname']  # 过滤器
    search_fields = ['gname']  # 搜索
    list_per_page = 5  # 分页

    # 添加、修改页属性
    # fields = ['ggrilnum', 'gboynum', 'gname', 'gdata', 'isDelete']
    fieldsets = [
        ('num', {'fields': ['ggirlnum', 'gboynum']}),
        ('base', {'fields': ['gname', 'gdate', 'isDelete']})
    ]


admin.site.register(Grades, GradesAdmin)

# 装饰器
@admin.register(Students)
class StudentsAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    def gender(self):
        if self.sgender:
            return '男'
        else:
            return '女'

    # 设置页面名称
    gender.short_description = '性别'

    list_display = ['pk', 'sname', 'sage', gender, 'scontend', 'sgrade', 'isDelete']
    list_per_page = 2
    # 设置执行动作的位置
    actions_on_top = False
    actions_on_bottom = True

# admin.site.register(Students, StudentsAdmin)

执行Django项目在浏览器中输入 http://127.0.0.1:8000/admin可以看到

定义视图

修改view.py文件

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from django.http import HttpResponse
from django.shortcuts import render
from .models import Grades, Students


# Create your views here.


def index(request):
    return HttpResponse('hello world')


def detail(request, num):
    return HttpResponse('detail-%s' % num)


def grades(request):
    # 去模板里取数据
    gradesList = Grades.objects.all()
    # 将数据传递给模板，模板渲染页面，将渲染好的页面返回给浏览器
    return render(request, 'myApp/grades.html', {'grades': gradesList})


def students(request):
    studentsList = Students.objects.all()
    return render(request, 'myApp/students.html', {'students': studentsList})


def gradesStudents(request, num):
    grades = Grades.objects.get(pk=num)
    studentsList = grades.students_set.all()
    return render(request, 'myApp/students.html', {'students': studentsList})

添加模板

在templates文件夹上创建myApp文件夹并在其下面创建grades.html以及students.html

grades.html

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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>班级信息</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>班级信息表</h1>
<ul>
    {% for grade in grades %}
        <li>
            <a href="#">{{ grade.gname }}</a>
        </li>
    {% endfor %}
</ul>
</body>
</html>

students.html

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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>学生信息</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>学生信息列表</h1>
<ul>
    {% for student in students %}
        <li>
            {{ student.sname }} -- {{ student.scontend }} -- {{ student.sgrade }}
        </li>
    {% endfor %}
</ul>
</body>
</html>

在myApp文件夹下配置URL

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from django.conf.urls import url
from . import views

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^$', views.index),
    url(r'^(\d+)/$', views.detail),

    url(r'^grades/$', views.grades),
    url(r'^students/$', views.students),

    url(r'^grades/(\d+)$', views.gradesStudents)
]

可以通过

http://127.0.0.1:8000/grades

http://127.0.0.1:8000/students

http://127.0.0.1:8000/404

http://127.0.0.1:8000/grades/1

进行前往

<\fancybox>

本文由USC-AIR创作和发表,采用BY-NC-SA国际许可协议进行许可
转载请注明作者及出处,本文作者为USC-AIR,本文标题为Django的简单使用
本文链接为http://uscair.club/2020/04/25/Django的简单使用/.

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